Tashkent: past and present
Tashkent: past and present Kukeldash madrasah Main fridays mosque Sheikhantaur Earthquake of 1966 Pushkin's street Square in new city Sail'goh street Theatre square Temples of christian faiths
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SHEIKHANTAUR

Entrance to the Sheikhantaur from present-day Navoi street

Sheikhantaur - remarkable area of old city of Tashkent, which is between modern streets of Abay, A. Navoi, U. Jusupova and A. Kadyri. The front entrance of Sheikhantaur from the side of present A. Navoi Street was executed as tall square (in the plan) constructions with four big arches among which northern and southern ones were through. The lancet dome and accurate turrets - guldasta decorated this remarkable structure named "chortak". The Tashkent master usto Abd ar-Rahim, the son of usto Abdulla, have constructed Sheikhantaur chortak in 1892.

Front of madrsah Ishankul dadho from present-day Navoi street View of internal court of madrsah Ishankul dadho

From the right side - closer to Urda along A. Navoi Street - settled down a long one-storied facade of monumental Ishankul madrasah for 34 cells. Dadha Ishankul, the son of one of deputies of Kokand khan in Tashkent, ordered to erect this building in 40th years of XIX century.

Women of mahalla Zanzjirlik inside Sheihantaur

After you pass through a massive two-folding gate of chortak, covered with a skilful groove, visitor of Sheihantaur got on rather long, cobbled platform. On the left were Choyhona and big ancient Hauz Lyangar, and on the right were walls of a quarter mosque and houses of Zanjillik mahalla, named so because of the heavy iron chains suspended here which served as a protection from interfere with penetration of animals into the territory of sacred Sheihantaur.

The first entrance in Sheihantaur The sacred tree Kuchkar-ata

The territory of an ancient cemetery began with the right side from Hauz at a small gate and there was large old Elm, all covered with horns of rams and goats, multi-colored trips of clothes. The tree was considered sacred, it as if contained spirit of "Kuchkar-ata", the patron of medieval shop of butchers.

The Alley of sacred Saurs of Iskandar Bicorn The Alley of sacred Saurs of Iskandar Bicorn. Вдали виден второй вход в Шейхантаур

Further there was the long path bordered from the western side by the whole avenue from trunks dead hardened Saurs - coniferous trees of local breed which were lifeless already in XV century. These curve trunks which are picturesquely sticking out of the ground like curve fingers of a unknown giant, national legends connected to stay on the ground of Tashkent of Alexander the Great which is very honored in the East as the ancient prophet and is called Iskandar Bicorn. The path rested against the open corridor laid out by a brick with very low walls ("hisht-yul" which through a low arch of dome-shaped ziarat-khana, built in XV century by sheikh Hodzha Ahrar, led to an entrance of main relic of Sheihantaur.

Ziarat-khana Arch of Ziarat-khana

Mazar Sheihantaur, repeatedly changed its shape at reorganizations, was erected here in IV century. It concludes unique, extant up to now sacred Saur of Iskander at which the gravestone of sacred is located.

Mazar Sheihantaur in the beginning of XX century Mazar Sheihantaur in the beginning of XX century
Mazar Sheihantaur in the beginning of XX century Mazar Sheihantaur in the beginning of XX century

Sheikh Hovendi at-Tahur (Sheihantaur) was born in the end of XIII century in the family of Hodja- descendants of Muhammad prophet in mountain settlement Bogustan (on a coast of modern Charvak impoundment). His father, sheikh Omar, was considered as the direct descendant in the seventeenth generation of the second godly caliph Omar ibn al-Hattab and was original Sufi, the follower of dervish Hasan Bulgari. Young Sheihantaur carried out a ceremony of obedience among dervishes of Jassy city (Turkestan) where already at that time there was a cult of great poet - mystic of Central Asia Ahmad Yassavi. Biographers inform, that young Tashkent dervish was especially struck by one of statements of Turkestan hazrat: "High spiritual qualities and knowledge of sciences are directly proportional to patience and mildness of Sufi in relation to roughness of ignoramuses". After long wanderings around Maverannakhr, Sheihantaur came back home, lived his life did teaching in Tashkent and remained in memory of people as wisest of the wisest. The sheikh died between 1355 and 1360. From this date the history of a majestic complex of the mausoleums and the mosques, named Sheihantaur begins.

Around of esteemed mazar still in XIV century there was a cemetery where for the next centuries there were buried many outstanding figures of the Central Asian history. It is possible to specify names of the founder of the Tashkent state in XVIII century - Sheihantaur hakim Unus Hodja, Alimkul Parvanchi - Kokand commander protecting Tashkent from armies of General M. G. Chernjaev in 1865, Head of Big Juz Rustam Muhammad Bahadur-khan who died in 1712. In Sheihantaur, there were gravestones of wife of Sheibani-khan by name Jamal Khanum (a plate of 1518) and last governor of Kokand Khanate Nasr ad-din. According to medieval annalists great poet Zain ad-din Vasifi is buried here. Unfortunately, the majority of these monuments were not extant up to now.

Two monumental buildings constructed in XV century, still can be seen today. It is mausoleum of Kaldirgach-biy with a characteristic peaked dome where ashes of the well known judge Tole-biy from Duglat clan which actually ruled Tashkent in first half of XVIII centuries, and the mausoleum of Mogolistan Unus-khan.

Mazar of Kaldirgach-biy in the beginning of XX century Mazar of Yunus-Khan of Mogolistan

Other structures of old Sheihantaur are destroyed. From sixteen monuments of ancient architecture it was kept only three. There are no two ancient hauz-pools anymore, and remarkable thousand-year plane tree.

Mausoleums of Sheihantaur and Kaldirgoch-biy in 1966

Whether it is necessary to speak, that this place of Tashkent made completely unforgettable impression, especially when in territory of Sheihantaur traditional festivals concerning the ending of an annual Muslim post were carried out.

Local inhabitants at the beginning of 20-th century.

Not without reason people of art liked Sheihantaur so much. It inspired poets; artists frequently drew from life here. In first half of XX centuries in a premise of Ishankul madrasah the first Uzbek film studio was based.

The building where now locates Islamic University. Look of the beginning of 20-th century

Today Sheihantaur draws attention of Tashkent people and visitors of our city. The name of an ancient wise man - Sufi XIV centuries lives in the revived name of the big area on a map of modern capital of Uzbekistan.

Tashkent: past and present Kukeldash madrasah Main fridays mosque Sheikhantaur Earthquake of 1966 Pushkin's street Square in new city Sail'goh street Theatre square Temples of christian faiths
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